Expert explains why teens should not rely on AI chatbots for relationships

The teen started using chatbots on Character.AI – a popular AI chatbot service – around the age of 12. The website has user-made chatbots that pretend to be celebrities, historical figures and fictional characters.

Lorraine mostly talks to chatbots mimicking Marvel’s Deadpool or Call of Duty characters.

“I use AI chats to start conversations with them, or to just live a fantasy ... [or] to escape from stressed environments,” she said.

Lorraine moved from Hong Kong to Canada in 2022 with her family. She is among millions of people worldwide – many of them teenagers – using AI chatbots.

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In October, a US mother filed a lawsuit against Character.AI. She accused the company of encouraging her 14-year-old son to commit suicide. She also claims the app had “abusive and sexual interactions” with her son.

The company said it had put in new protections, but many have questioned if these are enough to help young users.

Peter Chan is the founder of Treehole HK, which has made a mental health AI chatbot app. He said platforms like Character.AI could easily be harmful for users. He added that chatbots should remove sexual content and lead users to support if they mention suicide or self-harm.

Chan noted that many personalised AI chatbots were made to be addictive. This can add to feelings of loneliness, especially in children, causing them to depend on the chatbots for friendship.

Chan warned that people should be concerned if they feel like they cannot stop using AI. “If the withdrawal feels painful instead of inconvenient, then I would say it’s a [warning] sign,” he said.

When Lorraine was considering an AI partner a few years ago, she was feeling very lonely.

“As soon as I grew out of that lonely phase, I thought [it was] a really ‘cringe’ thing because I knew they weren’t real,” she said.

Now, Lorraine said she now could see the dangers of companionship from AI chatbots, especially for younger children, who might believe the virtual world is real.

“Younger children might develop an attachment since they are not as mature,” she noted.

For people who feel lonely, Chan encouraged them to find real-life friends, instead of AI companions.

If someone thinks they rely too much on AI chatbots, Chan recommended seeking counselling, finding interest groups and looking for ways to use AI in a helpful way.

He also encouraged teens not to judge their friends who have an AI boyfriend or girlfriend.

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With the right protections, Chan believes AI chatbots can be helpful tools. He warned against using AI chatbots to replace real-world relationships. But he said they could help people with social anxiety to practise having conversations and become more confident.

“You won’t be judged,” Chan said.

AI tools have a long way to go in protecting users. Still, Lorraine said she enjoyed using them for fun, and Chan said the technology had a lot of potential. “But it has to go hand in hand with human interactions,” he said.

If you have suicidal thoughts or know someone who is experiencing them, help is available. In Hong Kong, you can dial 18111 for the government-run Mental Health Support Hotline. You can also call +852 2896 0000 for The Samaritans or +852 2382 0000 for Suicide Prevention Services.

In the US, call or text 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org for the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. For a list of other nations’ helplines, see this page.

Reflect: Why do you think people like to use AI chatbots?

Why this story matters: Technology is changing quickly, and we need to be prepared to use it wisely. Companies must also make sure people are protected from any possible danger from the technology.