Washington’s mischaracterisation of Beijing’s intentions has become the basis for its moves to increase its own presence in the Arctic and lean on its allies to undermine China’s.
Given coronavirus-weakened demand, and with Russia in a better financial position to ride out the price rout, a heavily indebted Saudi Arabia simply cannot afford to sell at such low prices for much longer, unless it wishes to take the oil industry down with it.
Russia is looking to launch yuan-denominated bonds, and has agreed with China to work on settling more of their bilateral trade in the yuan or the rouble. Other trading partners suffering from US sanctions and along China’s belt and road map are also open to de-dollarisation.
China has helped to finance Russia’s quest to develop Arctic resources after US sanctions, and deeper involvement may follow if Beijing can acquire a management role.
A discussion of US trade policies are likely to dominate the ongoing BRICS summit but the five countries must forge closer ties to be an effective global force.
Last month, the US Department of Justice launched a highly publicised indictment against five employees of the People's Liberation Army, accusing them of cyberhacking to steal US commercial secrets.
Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne blundered when he claimed recently that 160 million Chinese watched the popular British period television drama Downton Abbey.
The opening in Hong Kong last week of Universal Credit Rating Group, a new ratings agency with Chinese, Russian and US partners, comes at a time when confidence in the dominant US-based agencies is at a low point.
Radical reforms of institutions tend to come in the wake of wars, as was the case after the second world war with the creation of the United Nations and the Bretton Woods financial architecture - the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the predecessor of today's World Trade Organisation.