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China’s growing influence shapes talks at Singapore’s Shangri-La Dialogue, with spotlight on rules-based order
- The theme was laid out early at the security forum by the Philippines – before Australia, New Zealand and host Singapore took up the baton
- But the South China Sea wasn’t the only talking point. Cambodia’s Ream naval base, the crisis in Myanmar and North Korea also got a look in
Singapore’s Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen summed up the mood on Sunday, the final day of the three-day security forum, when he said the system of global governance in place since the end of World War II “guarantees the security and survival of large nations and small”.
![Judith Collins, New Zealand’s defence minister, at a plenary session on Sunday during the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore. Photo: Bloomberg](https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/02/3b7a4bd6-6a96-4e90-a060-dbd8c53fcde5_34f54c2a.jpg)
“These maritime security challenges lead to an erosion of international maritime rules and norms that would have significant implications for states across the Indo-Pacific, including New Zealand’s own region,” she said.
“Ultimately, all states benefit from strong international rules and norms, and all states must ensure they are acting in ways that support those rules and norms.”
Her Australian counterpart Richard Marles agreed, calling the international rules-based order a “200-year project to build a global system that is open and inclusive”.
It “seeks to balance the concepts of sovereignty and territorial integrity with the ideas of individual liberty and equality”, he said in his address on Saturday, adding it was “not a just a device – as some would cynically suggest – to protect the prerogatives of great powers and to prevent the rise of new ones”.
“There is nothing to hide at the Ream naval base,” he said. “The naval base is ours and while we can’t open the port for everyone to see … we have not authorised any foreign military [to be based there].”
![People wave Cambodian and Chinese flags as a Chinese training ship prepares to dock during a welcome ceremony in Cambodia’s Sihanoukville last month. Photo: AFP](https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/02/49f4ece3-6964-4ca7-bc68-306afd068d9a_b45a9a13.jpg)
He agreed with his Cambodian counterpart that military modernisation was important but cautioned that defence should extend beyond border security to also cover people and the economy.
![A woman cooks next to destroyed houses and burned trees last month following fighting between Myanmar’s military and the Arakan Army ethnic minority armed group in Myanmar’s western Rakhine State. Photo: AFP](https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/02/b0798f82-3f47-46c4-9952-7860d4a39984_855cacc2.jpg)
China’s ability to help resolve the Myanmar crisis featured in a special discussion session at the dialogue. But Igor Driesmans, European Union special envoy for Myanmar, said Beijing’s role must extend beyond short-term piecemeal brokering of ceasefires which could create more complications than a more long-term process.
“On the ceasefires brokered by China, I think nobody will deny that China, as a neighbouring country, has interests in Myanmar,” he said at the session on Friday. “But I think what we like to see is for efforts to be sustainable, they should be inclusive, and they should be comprehensive … partial solutions, partial ceasefires might trigger more distrust in the future.”
Ideally, in a romantic world, the South China Sea should be a zone of peace and prosperity
And East Timor’s President Ramos-Horta said there needed to be better communication between military and political leaders to quickly de-escalate potential crises such as possible miscalculations on the Korean peninsula or in the South China Sea.
“Ideally, in a romantic world, the South China Sea should be a zone of peace and prosperity,” he said. “Crisis consultation on the code of conduct in the South China Sea should be intensified with active dialogue and bilateral negotiation.”
Additional reporting from Kimberly Lim
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