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How Singapore’s clean energy drive can support commitment to a greener Asean Power Grid
- Singapore can use its early mover advantage to establish approaches to the green electricity trade and inspire positive change regionally
![A vendor waits for customers under a light powered by solar panels installed on the roof of a market in Klaten, Indonesia’s Central Java province. Photo: AFP](https://img.i-scmp.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=contain,width=1024,format=auto/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/28/d950edc4-dec2-4bb9-a548-1014d1e48f09_32afda76.jpg)
Singapore’s leadership in this space is driven by domestic needs: currently, most of its power comes from natural gas, and the government has set a long-term target of reducing that to a little over 50 per cent by substituting clean electricity. Some of this alternative energy will come from domestic sources such as rooftop solar and potentially geothermal, nuclear, or hydrogen. However, given land constraints, electricity imports will be a necessary factor in Singapore’s future energy mix.
However, future needs are likely to be met through other sources, due in part to requisite infrastructure upgrades to expand interconnections and power flow for the LTMS-PIP, and in part to the general security and resilience benefits of power diversification. Singapore’s Energy Market Authority recently gave conditional approval for a series of alternative electricity imports: agreements for 1,000MW of solar, wind, and pumped storage hydropower from Cambodia; 1,200MW of offshore wind projects in Vietnam; and up to 2,000MW of solar from Indonesia were signed in 2023.
![A worker takes a picture of rooftop solar panels on the Keppel Bay Tower office building in Singapore last year. Photo: Reuters](https://img.i-scmp.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=contain,width=1024,format=auto/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/06/28/51093276-046d-45ca-bb14-537c8cff78e9_686e78c9.jpg)
Singapore’s preference for clean energy is driving new ideas for power routes, such as high-voltage undersea transmission cables, which enable direct electricity trade with Cambodia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Singapore will also need to hash out operational and pricing agreements for cross-border power purchases of solar and wind, which, given their variable output, require different terms from traditional power sources.
Expanding interconnections will generate major savings for Asean. A recent DNV study estimates Asean could save US$800 billion through 2050 if countries tap into renewable energy through multilateral trade. Equally importantly, the study shows that expanded regional power trade could reduce the land-use footprint of power projects by 13 per cent by avoiding unnecessary buildout of domestic power plants and energy storage.
Electricity trade opens the door to a wider menu of power generation options, enabling Singapore and the region to be more selective about which projects to purchase power from and thus selectively reduce the most significant environmental footprints of investment. Many low-carbon energy projects also have significant non-carbon environmental effects – such as river fragmentation related to large-scale hydropower or land-use tensions involving large solar farms.
Explicitly considering a range of criteria for signing power trade agreements – such as high-standard environmental and social impact assessments or high-standard requirements for renewable energy certification – can help prioritise projects that are both clean and broadly sustainable.
The Energy Market Authority could require specific standards for environmental and social impact assessments before issuing conditional approval to projects, incentivising investors in exporting countries to meet higher standards than domestic regulations may require and avoid projects with unmitigable negative effects.
Coordination with national utilities in exporter countries on processes to issue and trade renewable energy certificates would also be key to tracking the wider effects of electricity imports, and could eventually be sold to private firms that utilise large amounts of energy and seek to meet company renewable energy targets.
Singapore alone cannot ensure change, but it can inspire and support a regional conversation about a greener Asean Power Grid. While Singapore’s electricity demand is limited compared to its neighbours’, as an early adopter it has an opportunity to explore standard-setting and build consensus around the regional scaling of power trade.
Singapore is already a hub for technical training programmes through university hubs, the Singapore Cooperation Programme, and the Third-Country Training Programme with numerous international partners. Targeting future training series towards renewable energy certification standards, grid integration of renewables, and system-scale planning would help lay a path for a greener and more resilient regional energy system in line with Asean’s interests.
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