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China Briefing | No discord, no concord: Xi-Biden meeting is a sign China-US relations may enter a period of de-risking

  • The leaders have agreed in principle to hold a virtual meeting before the end of the year – the first formal talks since Biden took office
  • It comes amid recent developments that provide grounds for cautious optimism, as both countries have started to move away from their confrontational approach

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Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Joe Biden, at the time the American vice-president, shake hands in 2013. Photo: Getty Images
At long last, Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Joe Biden have agreed in principle to hold a virtual meeting before the end of the year. This will be the first formal meeting between the leaders of the world’s two largest economies, one that comes nearly a year after Biden took office – a nod to how the Covid-19 pandemic has changed not only people’s lives but also diplomacy.
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That it also comes after months of tension marked by acrimony and accusations between the two countries has given a new interpretation to an old saying in China: “No discord, no concord.” Beijing and Washington have improved mutual understanding through rivalry and confrontation, even though both leaders had supposedly already established a rapport through spending a substantial amount of time together when they were vice presidents.

The fact that it took them so long to have a formal meeting also reflects the changing dynamics of the tortuous path China-United States relations have embarked upon.

At the beginning of the year, there was brief, misplaced optimism that a Biden presidency was more likely to put a floor under the free-fall in bilateral ties after the Trump administration’s chaotic four years in power. But since then, relations have worsened, and the confrontational nature of the relationship has continued to dominate global headlines.

But Washington’s tough rhetoric and its much-touted efforts to rally its Western allies to gang up on Beijing have failed to alter China’s behaviour and stance at home and abroad, contrary to the original American thinking that strength in numbers would make the Chinese leadership backtrack. In fact, Beijing has doubled down on its diplomatic approach, which apparently prodded Washington to rethink some elements of its evolving strategy on China. The Biden administration has reportedly undertaken a months-long review of its policies towards China.

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US, Chinese diplomats’ meeting in Zurich paves way for continued talks

US, Chinese diplomats’ meeting in Zurich paves way for continued talks
The unusual and undiplomatic fiery exchanges between top American and Chinese diplomats in Alaska in March were the most vivid example of this situation. Back then, Beijing’s top diplomat Yang Jiechi publicly rebuked the US for its criticism of China’s human rights and its threat to the rule-based international order, and said Washington could no longer “speak to China from a position of strength”. In the same month, Xi reportedly said on a separate occasion that the Chinese people could finally see the world at eye level, unlike the years in which people like him were seen as “country yokels”. The Alaska meeting was quickly followed by tit-for-tat sanctions, first from the US-led coalition of partners over Xinjiang and then a response in kind from Beijing.
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Meanwhile, the Biden administration has continued to increase official contact with Taipei and ramp up military activities in the Taiwan Strait, a tactic started by the Trump administration. Beijing saw those moves as violating the one-China principle agreed between the two countries, and responded by sending frequent and increasingly larger sorties of warplanes into Taiwan’s air defence zone. All this has greatly heightened international concerns over a potential military conflict in the strait.
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