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Opinion | Why Asia must solve food waste to hit its environmental goals

  • Food waste is a worldwide problem but is particularly pressing in Asia, which is home to hundreds of millions of hungry people
  • Not only is wasted food not getting to the people who urgently need it, that which ends up in landfills produces methane which exacerbates climate change

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A Ramadan bazaar trader throws food waste into a composting machine in Kuantan, in Malaysia’s Pahang state, on April 3. After breaking their Ramadan fast, people throw their leftovers into a machine that converts the food scraps into organic fertiliser for crops as part of a Pahang government initiative to reduce food waste. Photo: AFP

You may think the peas, potatoes or the smidgen of rice you line up by the side of your plate because you just can’t manage another bite are perfectly harmless, but they contribute to one of the most pressing global concerns and could keep Asia from reaching its environmental goals.

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The UN environment programme’s (UNEP) Food Waste Index report of 2024 shows the sheer magnitude of the problem that is the link between food waste and the environment. When we waste food, we also waste the resources it took to produce, harvest, transport and package it.
The food that goes into landfills rots and produces methane, a greenhouse gas more potent than carbon dioxide. The UNEP estimates suggest food waste around the world generates as much as 8-10 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions.

While food waste is a global problem, it’s particularly of concern in Asia, which ironically is home to upwards of 370 million undernourished people – about half the world total. While not all of them are starving, the 2021 Asia and the Pacific Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition indicated that more than a billion people in Asia did not have access to adequate food in 2020.

Food security worsened as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic in places such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.
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A European Commission report on Asia’s food retail and food service channels states that region’s food waste is primarily driven by China and India, whereas South Korea and Singapore have made significant interventions to curtail food waste. China accounts for more than 40 per cent of Asia’s food waste, nearly two-thirds of the food waste generated by the entire region. If left unchecked, food waste across China, India and Southeast Asia could rise by an average of 24 per cent in the next decade.

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