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How Ukraine war has turned Africa into a geopolitical battleground for China, Russia and US

  • Washington is seeking to counter growing Chinese influence and push more African countries to condemn Russian invasion
  • Moscow has sent Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov to Africa three times since ‘special military operation’ began a year ago

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Illustration: Henry Wong
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has led to tens of thousands of deaths on both sides and created Europe’s largest refugee wave since World War II. In this multimedia series marking the one-year anniversary of the conflict, we look at China’s response to what Russian President Vladimir Putin called a “special military operation” and its diplomatic, military, monetary and economic impact.
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Kyiv and Moscow might be thousands of kilometres from Africa, but the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine has been felt across the continent – from Khartoum to Cairo.

The war has worsened food crises in African countries including Egypt, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Eritrea and Kenya that are heavily dependent on wheat imported from Russia and Ukraine because it has disrupted supply chains and cut access to affordable wheat and fertiliser from the Black Sea region.

As the war enters its second year, tensions between China and Russia on the one side and the United States on the other have increased, with observers saying Africa has been turned into a geopolitical battleground.

02:38

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Gustavo de Carvalho, a senior researcher on Russia-Africa ties for the African governance and diplomacy programme at the South African Institute of International Affairs, said the war had mostly had an indirect impact on China-Africa relations, with diplomatic, military and economic ties remaining strong.

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But “the conflict has created geopolitical sensitivities as China and the West compete for influence in Africa”, he said.

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