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How autocrats weaponise history to create parallel realities, and why nationalist mythmaking didn’t work for Trump or Johnson

  • Journalist Katie Stallard was ‘fascinated’ when the Russian tanks and troops she had seen in Ukraine in 2014 were refuted in Moscow as a factual impossibility
  • It led her to investigate how autocratic states’ distorted or outright fairy-tale presentation of history shapes their citizens’ current reality

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Two young Ukrainian women hold signs that read “Ukraine not Russia” in Crimea in 2014 after the territory’s annexation by Russian forces. Photo: Getty Images

Dancing on Bones: History and Power in China, Russia, and North Korea by Katie Stallard, pub. Oxford University Press

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Modern Ukraine was entirely created by Russia or, to be more precise, by Bolshevik, Communist Russia,” Vladimir Putin declared in a February speech arguing, falsely, that Ukraine was carved out of what was traditionally Russia.

“This process started practically right after the 1917 revolution,” he went on “and Lenin and his associates did it in a way that was extremely harsh on Russia – by separating, severing what is historically Russian land.”

Such historical distortions have characterised Putin’s rhetoric in recent weeks – but long-time observers of contemporary Russia such as Katie Stallard, journalist and author of Dancing on Bones: History and Power in China, Russia, and North Korea, recognise that such weaponisation of history has long been a key part of the Russian leader’s arsenal.

Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks during a concert marking the seventh anniversary of Crimea’s annexation. In launching the current military action in Ukraine, he told Russians “Modern Ukraine was entirely created by Russia”. Photo: Mikhail Svetlov/Getty Images
Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks during a concert marking the seventh anniversary of Crimea’s annexation. In launching the current military action in Ukraine, he told Russians “Modern Ukraine was entirely created by Russia”. Photo: Mikhail Svetlov/Getty Images

Stallard was living in Moscow during the 2014 Ukraine crisis and working as a television correspondent for Sky News, moving back and forth between Crimea and eastern Ukraine, under separatist control, and other parts of the country.

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