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Yoga’s many physical and mental benefits have long been touted by its practitioners, and science is starting to reinforce some of their claims, finding evidence it lowers stress, relieves pain and makes you happier. Photo: Felix Wong

6 benefits of yoga backed by science, such as pain relief, being happier and better sleep

  • Yoga instead of drugs for back pain or anxiety? Research shows the many ways practising yoga improves life and keeps us healthy
Wellness

Yoga, which originated in India, has been practised for thousands of years. Only in recent decades, though, have researchers begun to put its long-touted health benefits to the test.

There are many styles or forms of yoga, but what they all share is the mind-body-breath connection that is said to contribute to our physical and mental well-being.

The International Day of Yoga, celebrated around the world annually on June 21, is a good time to explore six key benefits of this ancient practice – backed by science.

1. Yoga improves fitness and athletic performance

The New England Patriots’ Tom Brady strikes a yoga pose during the first day of training camp in 2017 at the Gillette Stadium practice field in the US state of Massachusetts. Photo: Getty Images

According to Tara Chellaram, a Hong Kong-based yoga instructor of 18 years, yoga works almost all our muscles and keeps the body flexible and supple.

“It also prevents injury and reduces the likelihood of sprains and strains by strengthening our ligaments and tendons,” she adds. “Plus, the movements promote good blood flow, which aids in muscle recovery and all-round healing.”

Research published in 2016 in the International Journal of Yoga revealed that 10 weeks of yoga practice improved balance and flexibility in college athletes and may therefore enhance the athletic performances that require these characteristics.

Retired American football quarterback Tom Brady, American basketball player LeBron James, former British footballer Ryan Giggs and American tennis player Coco Gauff are among the elite athletes who have incorporated yoga in their training routines.

2. Yoga can make you feel happier

A study published in August 2020 in the medical journal JAMA Psychiatry found that yoga improves symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder, suggesting that the practice may be useful for people dealing with anxiety.

It may also be a helpful complementary treatment for clinical depression or major depressive disorder, according to a 2019 study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Practice. Within one month of beginning a yoga practice, study participants reported a reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms, an improvement in sleep quality and greater tranquillity and positivity.

Chellaram has experienced such benefits first-hand. A relationship break-up in her twenties triggered a bout of melancholy and anxiety. She turned to Western psychiatry and was prescribed anti-anxiety medication, which helped, but soon she started feeling lethargic and unmotivated.

Practising yoga helped Tara Chellaram wean herself off anti-anxiety medication. Photo: Tara Chellaram
She was introduced to sudarshan kriya, a short yoga sequence followed by 20 minutes of pranayama, the yogic practice of focusing on the breath.

“After just a few sessions, I felt like a weight had been lifted off my shoulders and I felt joyful again. I began practising sudarshan kriya daily and eventually weaned myself off my anti-anxiety medication. This technique is still integral to my daily yoga practice,” Chellaram says.

Diva Chugani, a certified yoga teacher in Hong Kong, has clients who have overcome depression and anxiety with yoga.

“They tell me that yoga cheers them up and makes them feel ‘whole’ again,” she says.

Yoga teacher Diva Chugani has clients who have overcome depression and anxiety through yoga. Photo: Diva Chugani

3. Yoga relieves chronic pain and inflammation

Yoga has been shown to ease chronic pain. A small study, published in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, found that people who took part in an eight-week mindfulness-based stress reduction course, which involved practising mindfulness meditation and mindful hatha yoga, reported significant improvement in their perceptions of pain, depression and disability.

Chugani says yoga has helped improve the quality of life for many clients suffering from chronic pain.

“It’s the combination of gentle breathwork, mindfulness, somatic (conscious) movement and certain powerful asanas (postures or poses),” says Chugani, who trained in the ashtanga, hatha and vinyasa styles of yoga.
“Back pain and arthritis, in particular, may be relieved with yoga, because the practice reduces inflammation and improves joint health and overall physical function.”

In 2017, The American College of Physicians recommended yoga as a first-line treatment for lower back pain, ahead of pain medication.

Young adults who practise yoga regularly are more likely to take part in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adopt healthy eating habits, according to a study published in 2018. Photo: Yik Yeung-man

4. Yoga keeps your heart healthy

Yoga is believed to improve heart health in many ways.

For one, it gets you moving, and regular physical activity is known to keep the heart healthy.

A study published in 2018 in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity showed that young adults who practised yoga regularly were more likely to take part in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adopt healthy eating habits.
Additionally, yoga may lower the risk of high blood pressure, or hypertension. Researchers who reviewed several studies found that meditation and breathing and yoga exercises decreased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in people with prehypertension, a precursor to developing hypertension. These findings were published in 2021 in Scientific World Journal.
And a study presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress in 2020 found that yoga may help people with atrial fibrillation, or afib. Afib is an irregular, often rapid heart rate that commonly causes poor blood flow and increases the risk of stroke.

By doing yoga for 30 minutes every other day for 16 weeks, people with afib were better able to manage their symptoms and reduce their number of afib episodes, according to the study.

Yoga and breathwork help reduce stress and tension, and contribute to a better night’s sleep. Photo: Shutterstock

5. Yoga is a useful sleep aid

Having trouble falling asleep? Doing yoga may help in a few ways.

Breathing is a core element of yoga, so practising yoga regularly can help you become more aware of your breathing and how it affects your mind and body. A study published in 2019 in the journal Psychiatry pointed out that deep breathing may help treat insomnia, as it reduces tension, assists with relaxation and improves sleep.

“Yoga is also a great stress and anxiety reliever, and when you’re not stressed and anxious, you find it easier to fall asleep,” adds Chellaram.
Yoga is a mindfulness practice, and mindfulness, a skill that involves being fully present in the moment, has been shown to increase the production of melatonin in the body, according to a study of patients with breast cancer with sleep disturbance.

Melatonin helps control how and when we sleep.

Regular physical activity is known to help induce sleepiness and improve sleep quality. Doing gentle yoga in the evening hours may help you fall asleep faster and encourage a deeper state of relaxation.

Yue Mingchao, 78, leads a free yoga class in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China. Yoga reduces brain matter decline and helps reverse signs of ageing and inflammation in the brain. Photo: Getty Images

6. Yoga helps with brain health

Yoga can keep our brain healthy and young.

A new University of California, Los Angeles study revealed that kundalini yoga, in particular, provided several benefits to cognition and memory for postmenopausal women at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, a form of dementia.

The researchers found that kundalini yoga, which focuses on breathwork and meditation more than physical poses, restored neural pathways, prevented brain matter decline and helped reverse signs of ageing and inflammation in the brain.

There is also evidence that doing yoga just once or twice a week boosts brain performance in ways that are similar to aerobic exercise. A review published in 2019 in the journal Brain Plasticity found that regular yoga practice may positively affect key areas of the brain that are responsible for memory and information processing as well as emotional regulation.

Hatha yoga was specifically said to have the most benefits, as this style of yoga combines physical movements with breathing exercises and meditation.
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