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Opinion | In China’s changing economy, MNCs must rethink the mantra of going big

  • As the Chinese market matures, success will no longer hinge on thinking big and outpricing competitors
  • Continuous innovation and the quality of business will be more important than having a brilliant founder or a top-selling product

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People shop in an Apple store in Beijing on September 8. For multinationals in industries such as consumer goods, the size of the China market is impossible to ignore. Photo: Bloomberg
Not a day seems to go by without a headline detailing the challenges facing the Chinese economy. For many executives, the mood is becoming increasingly sombre as they grapple with the country’s lagging economic performance.
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Data showing shrinking exports, declining real estate transactions and rising youth unemployment is difficult for many to get used to, in light of the extraordinary growth China has enjoyed over the past two decades. Between 1990 and 2019, China’s real gross domestic product grew at an average of almost 10 per cent per year, contributing more than a quarter of global GDP growth.

Such growth has a peculiar ability to conceal challenges, mistakes and inefficiencies. For companies operating in China, the mantras during this period were “think big”, “copy and paste” and “winner takes all”. They were straightforward.

First, the sheer size of China’s market meant that businesses that set the biggest and boldest goals were often the ones that reaped the biggest rewards. The market, as well as investors, rewarded these trailblazers. There are many examples of companies who by the sheer might of capital and investment (and risk-taking) made it to the top of their industry.

Second, China’s ability to facilitate rapid scaling, owing to its vast number of cities and a relatively homogenous consumer base (with some regional differences, of course), encouraged businesses to replicate successful models across the nation. In fact, for some local companies, the ability to scale quickly across second- and third-tier cities was their most important weapon against more sophisticated foreign competition.

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Third, especially in the past decade, with the rise of the digital economy, the winner-takes-all model seemed to work. Business sustainability and profits took a back seat to the goal of becoming the dominant player in the industry. Massive price wars followed. Many companies scaled until they became dominant players, expecting regulations and policies to become favourable to them.
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