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Chinese President Xi Jinping addresses the United Nations Summit on Biodiversity on September 30, 2020. Photo: Xinhua

Following Xi Jinping’s anointment as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China in 2012, he highlighted the need to “tell China’s story well” to make the most of its meteoric rise. This meant investing significant time and resources in wielding “cultural soft power” abroad.

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Yet, a decade on, the response from outsiders is that China’s soft power efforts have been a resounding failure. Global perceptions of China have grown worse in recent years, except in a few countries like Pakistan and Russia.

Consequently, at the recent 20th party congress in Beijing, Xi reiterated the importance of external communications when he pledged to “present a China that is credible, appealing, and respectable”.

Before the pandemic, China’s efforts to enhance its soft power by combining attractive cultural resources with extensive multilevel channels for public diplomacy were seen by some as quite successful. Yet, China’s current predicament has rendered it something of a soft power paper tiger, particularly in the West.

While the rest of the world is entering the final weeks of 2022, China remains firmly stuck in 2020 with its “dynamic zero-Covid” policy still in force. This policy has limited China’s ability to facilitate the most basic ingredient of public diplomacy: people-to-people exchange.
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The positive news is that foreign students, arguably the biggest success story of China’s increased global engagement to date, are allowed back into the country after two years of strict entry rules.
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