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As Hong Kong dims, Asia can learn much from Singapore, East Timor and Bhutan
Curtis Chin says while the region’s fate may rest largely on the major powers, to truly prosper, Asians must pay attention to such ‘small state ideas’ as a commitment to a more sustainable and more representative society
Twenty years ago in Asia – as Hong Kong returned to China under the “one country, two systems” formula, there was hope that the former British colony would set an example for a freer, more progressive China.
![Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong meets visiting Bhutan Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay in Singapore on September 15. Can the small nations of Bhutan, East Timor and Singapore inspire and lead the way as Asia looks ahead to 2037? Photo: EPA-EFE / Ministry of Communications and Information](https://cdn4.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2017/09/29/b5140122-a4ee-11e7-84b5-dfc1701cb40c_1320x770_175455.jpg)
“Going green” is a phrase that has been thrown around for many years by both countries and companies. But despite the rhetoric, Asia is increasingly polluted, with man-made forest fires and smog-enveloped cities an annual occurrence. At least one Asia-Pacific nation, however, both talks the talk and walks the walk.
Bhutan’s leaders have put conservation at the heart of their environmental agenda, pledging to keep the country carbon neutral and writing into their constitution the requirement that 60 per cent of the nation must remain forested. Other initiatives include bans on plastic bags, restrictions on private vehicles in the capital Thimphu, and a commitment to become the world’s first 100 per cent organic-farming nation.
Money can’t buy you happiness
![Jigme Namgyel, the son of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Queen Jetsun Pema of Bhutan, poses for a photo that was released on September 1. Bhutan has a “national gross happiness” index by which it measures progress in promoting sustainable and equitable socio-economic development. Photo: AFP / Royal Office for Media Bhutan](https://cdn2.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2017/09/29/b5e2049e-a4f0-11e7-84b5-dfc1701cb40c_1320x770_175455.jpg)
Deep blue: Hong Kong tumbles to 75th in world happiness rankings, lowest since UN report debuted
![East Timor’s Xanana Gusmao takes his oath as a new lawmaker, along with other parliamentarians, on September 5 in Dili. Elections were held in July, the first parliamentary elections to be administered without UN oversight since the country gained independence in 2002. Photo: EPA-EFE](https://cdn2.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2017/09/29/1b30fdfc-a4ef-11e7-84b5-dfc1701cb40c_1320x770_175455.jpg)
Another of Asia’s smallest countries, East Timor, with 1.2 million people and 14,875 sq km, offers an example of how people can move forward post conflict and take control of their own destinies, when given the chance.
East Timor votes in presidential election, signalling age of stability in Asia’s youngest nation
Why Hong Kong can never be Singapore: just blame history
The densely-populated city state of Singapore, 5.6 million people on an area of only 719 sq km, is perhaps the leading example in Asia of a small nation that thinks big – and succeeds big. With one of the highest per capita gross domestic products in the world, Singapore showcases the economic benefits of transparency and the rule of law. Its neighbours would do well to adopt this nation’s embrace of free markets and free trade in their own search for drivers of growth and foreign direct investment.
Singapore is perhaps the leading example in Asia of a small nation that thinks big – and succeeds big
Understandably, the pushback was significant when Kishore Mahbubani, dean of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, recently argued that small states “must always behave like small states”, in remarks that were perceived to be a criticism of Singapore’s recent foreign policy.
![Tourists are silhouetted against the sky as they walk along the Helix Bridge at the Marina Bay Sands shopping arcade in Singapore. Singapore is a leading finance and business hub, and one of the least corrupt economies in the world. Photo: AP](https://cdn4.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/images/methode/2017/09/29/42fed808-a4f0-11e7-84b5-dfc1701cb40c_1320x770_175455.jpg)
As a small state, should Singapore hide when ‘elephants’ fight?
Being ambitious is not a bad thing. Small in geography need not mean small-country mentality and policies.
Over the past 20 years, I have seen first-hand the accomplishments and continuing challenges of Bhutan, Singapore and East Timor. Still, as small fish in the big pond that is Asia, these three nations have futures that are by no means certain.
Being ambitious is not a bad thing. Small in geography need not mean small-country mentality and policies
All share a vision for an Asia-Pacific that is prosperous and at peace in 2037. Much, though, will depend on the world’s biggest powers and the region’s largest nations.
Here’s a prediction. Large countries will seek, in the years ahead, to apply economic or military pressure to shape their smaller neighbours’ behaviour and policies – no different than today. Asia and the Pacific, however, will be better off if all nations adopt some modern-day, “small state ideas” offered up by Bhutan, East Timor and Singapore – namely, the embrace of a greener, more representative and more transparent future for all their citizens. That ideally will ring true in both Hong Kong and Beijing one day.
Curtis S. Chin, a former US ambassador to the Asian Development Bank, is managing director of advisory firm RiverPeak Group and the inaugural Asia fellow of the Milken Institute. Follow him on Twitter at @CurtisSChin
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