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William Pesek

Did S&P just put a curse on Australia? The reference here is to the credit-rating equivalent of the magazine-cover jinx that companies and entire economies struggle to avoid.
On Friday, S&P made headlines by upgrading the outlook Down Under, reckoning that Canberra’s budget surplus will reappear by the “early 2020s.”
Great news for new Prime Minister Scott Morrison as he struggles to find his economic sea legs, you might say. It could just as easily signal a reverse karma effect – one with implications for Asia’s growth trajectory.
Granted, Morrison’s treasurer, Josh Frydenberg, forecasts a return to the black around 2020 if Australia can extend its run of 27 recession-free years.
But there are two gaping “ifs” standing in Canberra’s way: Donald Trump and Chinese demand for iron ore, copper, coal and Australia tour packages.


In one way, these two spoilers are connected. It’s US President Trump’s escalating trade war that is tossing China off balance.
Far from stepping back, Trump last week upped the ante - to US$250 billion of Chinese goods, and counting. This puts Australia in harm’s way. Its resource-rich economy is arguably the world’s biggest leveraged bet on China maintaining a growth rate as close to 7 per cent as possible.
This is Asia’s problem, too. As China’s export engine sputters, collateral damage will include Japan’s nearly six-year reflation battle, South Korea’s efforts to catalyse a start-up boom, Singapore’s tab at increasing productivity and Indonesia’s progress in moving upmarket. Hong Kong’s desire to curb inequality also might be set back as mainland growth slows.
Yet “if” No 2 also matters. For all President Xi Jinping’s talk of giving markets a “decisive” role in policy decisions, steps in that direction have been glacial. While “Made in China 2025” and the “Belt and Road” gambit get the headlines, an equally important narrative is how Xi’s team is doing more stimulating than recalibrating growth engines.
Why ‘Made in China 2025’ triggered the wrath of President Trump
China, though, is running into what economists call the “diminishing returns” problem. That is the moment when tens of trillions of dollars of credit, debt issuance and central-bank largesse lose potency. If China is reaching the limits of stimulus, as all industrialising nations do, it’s coming just as Trump puts the full weight of his government behind tackling Xi’s economy.
Australia’s great sensitivity to China’s zigs and zags makes it a canary in Asia’s trade coal mine. Australian housing prices, for example, fell for an 11th straight month in August. The Westpac Melbourne Institute Consumer Sentiment index dropped to -0.02 per cent in August from 0.5 per cent in July, putting the closely-watched measure below trend.
In recent months, Reserve Bank of Australia Governor Philip Lowe named Trump’s policies the biggest risk to the global economy. That goes, too, for Australia’s quarter-century-plus growth marathon. One reason Australia raises alarms: it’s been so impervious to global fallout, but it’s now vulnerable. It avoided the worst of the early 2000s tech crash and 2008 global financial crisis. Australia sailed around the 2013 Federal Reserve “taper tantrum.”




Open Asian economies Singapore, Korea and Taiwan are plenty sensitive to Chinese demand shifts. But Australia is that oddest of things: a first-world AAA-rated economy in the Asian region that is stood its ground for nearly three decades.
And by S&P’s telling, Canberra can expect “steady” government revenue growth, along with a “strong labour market and relatively robust commodity prices.”
Clearly, the government agrees wholeheartedly. “The economy,” says Frydenberg, “is seeing its fastest rate of growth since the height of the mining boom in 2012.”
Yet busts follow booms. And Australia may soon curse its slow-walking of efforts to diversify the economy away from a China that may lose its balance.
William Pesek is a Tokyo-based journalist and author. He has written for Bloomberg and Barron’s


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Trade

Australia, the canary in Asia’s trade coal mine, may rue its slow escape from China’s sputtering economy

A factory worker pours molten iron at Backwell IXL in Geelong in Geelong, Australia on 30 April 2014. Photo: EPA-EFE

Beijing continues to play down ‘Made in China 2025’, saying world should take ‘objective’ view

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The words "Made In China" are seen on a package displayed for a photograph in Tiskilwa, Illinois, U.S., on Tuesday, April 10, 2018. A week after escalating tensions with his threat to impose tariffs on an additional $100 billion in Chinese products, President Trump said Thursday the two countries ultimately may end up levying no new tariffs on each other. Photographer: Daniel Acker/Bloomberg

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Made in China 2025 aims to boost domestically made products to accelerate an industrial upgrade in the country as economic growth slows. Photo: EPA-EFE

He dressed Jackie Chan, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Andy Lau - now he's guiding Chinese fashion’s Made in China 2025 makeover

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The new Chinese style garments designed and tailored at the Oriental Garment Innovation Centre of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology in Beijing, China, on Jul. 04, 2018. 04JUL18 SCMP/Simon Song

Tse Chi-kwong, Technology Director, is pictured at the Oriental Garment Innovation Centre of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology in Beijing, China, on Jul. 04, 2018. Tse Chi-kwong, from Hong Kong, has made many traditional Chinese style garments for many Hong Kong singers and movie stars, such Anita Mui and Jackie Chan. 04JUL18 SCMP/Simon Song

Western models in Xinzhongzhang at a fashion show in Beijing

World leaders in Xinzhongzhang at the Apec Summit in Beijing in 2014

Liu Yuanfeng, Head of the the Oriental Garment Innovation Centre of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology is pictured during an interview in Beijing, China, on Jul. 04, 2018. 04JUL18 SCMP/Simon Song

Chinese-style outfits from the xinzhongzhang brand launched after the new style made its debut at the 2014 Apec meeting of world leaders in China. Photo: Simon Song

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Made in China 2025 is the central government’s big plan to move China up the global value chain. Photo: Shutterstock

Photo of Xiangpiaopiao milk tea . Photo: HANDOUT

Is it time Beijing ditched ‘Made in China 2025’ and stopped upsetting the rest of the world?

Beijing’s “Made in China 2025” plan for industrial upgrading has sparked suspicion around the world. Photo: EPA-EFE

(FILES) This file picture taken on April 19, 2018 shows employees working on the production line for domestic appliances at a factory in Jiujiang in China's central Jiangxi province. Activity in China's factories expanded at its fastest pace for eight months in May, official data showed on May 31, as demand at home and overseas improved despite brewing trade tensions with the United States. / AFP PHOTO / - / China OUT

A man works at a knitting company manufacturing soccer-themed scarves for the FIFA World Cup Russia 2018, in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China May 30, 2018. REUTERS/Stringer ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. CHINA OUT.

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Opinion | Australia, the canary in Asia’s trade coal mine, may rue its slow escape from China’s sputtering economy