“I think the ETFs were kind of an admission that bitcoin is here to stay,” Bailey said. “There’s no way that Hong Kong just accidentally stumbled into launching an ETF … It wasn’t random.”

Cryptocurrency investors also applauded Hong Kong’s new ETFs, as they accept in-kind subscriptions, which allows purchases made with bitcoin and ether. This feature is “very important”, according to Bailey, because crypto investors can use the ETF shares as collaterals for loans. Managers of Hong Kong’s crypto ETFs Harvest Global and ChinaAMC have both said that they are working on pushing ahead with the collateralisation of their ETF products in the city.

The Hong Kong government, which invited the Bitcoin Conference to hold its Asia event in the city, has been very supportive, according to Bailey. The city has already hosted multiple Web3-related events this year, including the WOW Summit and Web3 Festival, as it seeks to bring in more tourism and crypto industry players.

“I think they see bitcoin as a massive opportunity for Hong Kong,” Bailey said.

Bitcoin Asia is much smaller than the US event, which was previously held in Miami, Florida, and this year will be in Nashville, Tennessee. That conference attracts about 30,000 people, Bailey said. This is the first bitcoin-focused conference of its size in Asia in several years.

Alex McShane, director of programming for the Bitcoin Conference, said the turnout in Hong Kong was still much higher than he expected. The company is now looking at options for the event next year. Bailey said the company is already in discussions with Hong Kong for returning to the city, with eyes on the coveted Convention and Exhibition Centre in Wan Chai. The event this year was held at the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal.

Tokyo and Singapore are also options for future Asia events, according to McShane.

Ben Gagnon, chief mining officer at Canada-based Bitfarms who used to run mining operations in China, said he hopes Hong Kong can be a “conduit for Chinese investors” to access bitcoin-related technologies – something he sees as possibly mitigating the impact of the real estate crash and stock market slump.

“What I’m optimistic about is, with these rules and these regulations now in place, Hong Kong actually may find a way to be this bridge for China to bitcoin and to the greater crypto ecosystem in a way that’s more safe, more controlled or regulated,” Gagnon said.

“I hope that there’s going to be more pathways into mainland China,” he added.

Besides the increasing financialisation of bitcoin, the asset’s price surge this year has also driven interest in layer 2 solutions. A layer 2 on a blockchain is a secondary network meant to help with scalability and efficiency, such as by offloading calculations to a secondary chain that is not as congested.

Chinese developers were spread across the main floor of Bitcoin Asia touting new companies building their own layer 2 networks.

“There is an explosion of innovation happening in bitcoin right now,” Bailey said. “To go from, let’s call it 200 million bitcoiners in the world to 2 billion people in the world, we need to dramatically improve bitcoin scalability.”

Still, while optimistic about the new opportunities cropping up in the space, he noted some similarities with previous rounds of bitcoin hype.

“Some of these ideas are going to be famous companies a decade from now; some of these are gonna go to zero,” he said. “So it’s still the wild, wild west but … it’s now the wild west on layer 2 of bitcoin.”